The Impact of Tourism Development on Socio-Cultural, Environmental and Economic Issues (Case Study: Les Tourism Village, Buleleng-Bali.)

Abstract

This study examines the socio-cultural, environmental, and economic impacts of tourism development in Les Tourism Village, Buleleng Regency, Bali, and explores local community perceptions as a basis for sustainable tourism development. A qualitative case study approach was employed through direct observation and in-depth interviews with six stakeholders, including community leaders, tourism managers, and local residents. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, comprising data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that tourism development has strengthened cultural preservation, community participation, and environmental awareness. Local traditions and cultural identity are maintained through active community involvement in tourism activities. Environmental initiatives, including coral reef conservation, waste management, and reforestation, have contributed to improved environmental sustainability. Economically, tourism has created employment opportunities and increased household income through homestays, culinary businesses, handicrafts, and community-based tourism services. Local residents generally perceive tourism development positively and demonstrate a strong commitment to sustainable tourism practices. Theoretically, this study provides empirical evidence of how Community-Based Tourism (CBT) in a rural island setting balances the Triple Bottom Line of economic growth, socio-cultural preservation, and environmental conservation. Practically, it offers insights for local policymakers and community tourism groups (Pokdarwis) to strengthen sustainable zoning, retain local economic benefits, and promote authentic eco-tourism experiences. However, the findings are limited by the study’s focus on a single rural village, which restricts their generalizability to other tourism contexts.